If you've ever been on a movie set, you've probably seen a clapperboard in action. Also called 'clapperboard'. It is a familiar sight, with its black and white stripes and the loud 'clap' sound it makes. But what exactly is a clapperboard, and why is it such an essential tool for filmmakers?
In this article we delve into the world of the clapperboard and explore its history, purpose and how it is used on a film set.
The history of the clapperboard
The clapperboard, also known as a 'film slate', has been an integral part of filmmaking since the early days of cinema. It was first invented in the 1920s by Leon M. Leon, a pioneer in the film industry.
At the time, the clapperboard was a simple wooden board with a hinged stick that could be folded down to create the iconic 'clap' sound. It also had a section for writing important information about the scene, such as the scene number, shot number and date.
Over the years, the clapperboard has evolved and become more sophisticated, adding features such as a timecode display and digital synchronization capabilities. However, the basic design and purpose have remained the same.
The purpose of the clapperboard
The clapperboard serves several important purposes on a film set. Let's take a closer look at each of them.
Scene and Take identification
One of the main functions of the clapperboard is to identify the scene and film it. This is crucial to the editing process, as it allows the editor to easily locate and organize footage.
The scene number is at the top of the clapperboard, while the take number is at the bottom. This information is also spoken out loud by the 'clapper loader', the person responsible for operating the clapper.
Synchronize audio and video
In the early days of cinema, sound and images were recorded separately and then synchronized in post-production. The clapperboard played a crucial role in this process, because the "clap" sound would create a peak in the audio waves, making it easier to match the audio and video.
Even with the advent of digital technology, the clapperboard is still used for synchronization purposes. The timecode display on modern clapperboards allows precise synchronization of audio and video.
Mark the beginning of a take
The clapperboard is also used to mark the beginning of a take. When the director 'action' calls, the clapperboard is lowered, creating a visual and audible cue for the actors and crew to begin the scene.
This ensures everyone is on the same page and that the images are properly tagged for editing.
Camera and sound synchronization
In addition to synchronizing audio and video, the clapperboard also helps synchronize the camera and audio equipment. The timecode display on modern clapperboards allows precise synchronization of all equipment so that everything is in perfect harmony.
How to use a clapperboard
Using a clapperboard may seem simple, but there is a specific process that must be followed to ensure its effectiveness. Let's break it down step by step.
Step 1: Fill in the information
Before the scene starts, the clapper loader fills in the necessary information on the clapper board. This includes the scene number, shot number and date.
Step 2: Slate the scene
Once the information has been entered, the clapper loader holds the clapper in front of the camera and sets the scene. This involves showing the camera the clapperboard, the scene, and saying the numbers out loud.
Step 3: Clap the clapperboard
After the scene hits, the clapper loader folds the clapper down, creating the iconic 'clapper' sound. This marks the start of recording and creates a visual and audible cue for audio and video synchronization.
Step 4: Get out of here
Once the clapper is clapped, the clapper loader moves quickly out of frame to avoid being seen in the shot. This is important to maintain the illusion of the scene and ensure that the clapperboard does not appear in the final footage.
Clapperboard Variations
Although the basic design and purpose of the clapperboard have remained the same, a number of variations have emerged over the years. Let's take a look at some of the most common ones.
Traditional hit
The traditional clapperboard is the most recognizable and most used version. It consists of a hinged wooden board with a black and white striped section for slates and a section for writing information.
Digital hit
The smart film slate is a combination of a traditional film clapperboard and a digital film clapperboard. It has a digital display for timecode and other information, but also has a traditional clapper for synchronization.
Clapper Tips and Tricks
Now that you understand the basics of the clapperboard, here are a few tips and tricks to help you get the most out of this essential filmmaking tool.
Use a Sharpie
When writing on the clapperboard, it is important to use a permanent marker such as a Sharpie. This ensures that the information does not run or rub off during filming.
Keep spare clapperboards on hand
It's always a good idea to have spare clapperboards on hand, in case one gets damaged or lost. This helps production run smoothly and avoid delays.
Practice makes perfect
Using a clapperboard may seem simple, but it takes practice to get it right. Make sure you practice the process before filming begins so everyone feels comfortable and knows what they are doing.
Conclusion
The clapperboard may seem like a simple tool, but it plays a crucial role in the filmmaking process. From identifying scenes and shots to syncing audio and video, the clapperboard is an essential tool for any filmmaker.
By understanding the history, purpose, and uses of a clapperboard, you'll be well on your way to becoming a master of this iconic filmmaking tool.